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Corruption in Developing Countries
The past 10-15 years have seen an increase in anticorruption initiatives that are based on the belief that corruption may be reduced if proper incentives are implemented and focused towards politicians, bureaucrats, and civil society. These initiatives include, but are not limited to, the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, the UN convention against corruption, strengthening World Bank Group engagement on governance and anti-corruption, and increased enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In this article, Olken and Pande compare the findings of different studies in order to evaluate the validity of this belief. This includes a comparison of corruption measurement tools, efficiency costs, and ideas to curb corruption.
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Activating Public Sector Ethics in Transitional Societies
In this paper Stevulak and Brown seek to demonstrate that an integrity-based approach holds the promise of fighting effectively against corruption and recalibrating the relationship between citizens and government in transitional societies. The authors explore compliance-based measures used by the former Soviet Union (FSU) countries when developing ethical public services and the reasons why these measures have shown considerable limitations. As the authors mention, all of the eight FSU countries referenced in their study have continued to witness rampant corruption despite the enforcement of such measures. The inevitable conclusion here is that the potential of the compliance regimes has been reached and that although they are essential in activating ethics, they have proven insufficient. Compliance approaches can enforce certain types of behavior, but they cannot generate the willingness of public servants to do the right thing. This conclusion brings the focus back onto integrity-based approaches and back to the individual.
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Transparency and Corruption: Evidence from India
Can freedom of information laws be harnessed by underprivileged members of society and used to obtain greater access to basic public goods that are otherwise attainable only through bribery? Drawing on a field experiment on access to ration cards among New Delhi’s slum dwellers, the authors show that India’s recently adopted freedom of information law is almost as effective as bribery in helping the poor to secure access to a basic public service.
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The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics
'The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) is a series of nationally representative surveys designed to monitor the effects of Russian reforms on the health and economic welfare of households and individuals in the Russian Federation. These effects are measured by a variety of means: detailed monitoring of individuals' health status and dietary intake, precise measurement of household-level expenditures and service utilization, and collection of relevant community-level data, including region-specific prices and community infrastructure data. Data have been collected 18 times since 1992.'
This longitudinal survey could become a valuable source of information for researchers working on the problems of petty corruption in healthcare in Russia. The section 'Medical services' of the Adult Questionannaire in almost all the waves of the survey includes a big range of questions on informal payments for healthcare.
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Freedom in the World 2011
Freedom in the World, Freedom House’s flagship publication, is a comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. The Freedom in the World 2011 survey contains reports on 194 countries and 14 related and disputed territories. Each country report begins with a section containing the following information: population,capital, political rights (numerical rating), civil liberties (numerical rating), status (Free, Partly Free, or Not Free), and a 10-year ratings timeline.
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Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS)
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank Group provide survey data about the ‘business environment’ in 27 Central European and Post-Soviet countries and Turkey. The questions - answered by domestic firms - focus on issues such as: business regulation, taxation, law and order, the judiciary, infrastructure and public administration corruption. Data is availble for years 1999, 2002 and 2005.
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The Business Environment of Emerging Markets (HEC Lusanne)
The seminar covers selected issues pertaining to the business environment in emerging markets. The first part of the seminar consists of sessions devoted to an introduction to the process of economic development in order to provide students with background material. It briefly covers (i) growth and convergence, (ii) poverty and inequality within and across countries, (iii) the role of international trade and trade policy, (iv) the politics of economic policies, (v) social capital, corruption, and institutions, and (vi) the effectiveness of development aid.
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Political Corruption (University of Sussex)
Developed by Dr. Dan Hough, this third year undergraduate course runs in the Spring and Summer terms at the University of Sussex in the UK. It is one of a range of teaching and research activities within the newly-founded 'Sussex Centre for the Study of Corruption (SCSC)'. This course has been running since 2005; it is multi-disciplinary in nature and analyses what corruption is, where it flourishes and, most importantly, what can be done about it.
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Competitiveness and Corruption (Ohio Northern University College of Law)
For the last five years, the Ohio Northern University College of Law has had an upper-level course in Competitiveness and Corruption developed and taught by Professor Elena Helmer. The course is part of the curriculum of the Democratic Governance and Rule of Law LL.M. Program for public interest lawyers from transitional democracies and American lawyers interested in international development work. The course is mandatory for all LL.M. students but is also open to regular J.D. students.
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